Gravity concentration or gravity separation is a common used method of separating a suspension into its individual components. Usually, the finished concentration is a ratio of the difference between the density of the heavier particle and the fluid, to the difference between the density of the lighter particle and the fluid.
Gravity Separation Introduce
Gravity separation is widely used in processing coal, non-ferrous metals, rare metals and precious metal ore, also used for processing asbestos, diamond and other non-metal mineral. Gravity separation usually has jig separation, chute ore dressing, table separation (table) and heavy medium separation, etc. By use of medium, gravity separation has wet re-election and dry wind re-election. In order to enhance fine grained material of separation effect, there also used centrifugal field spiral chute, centrifuge, cyclone and reelect equipment in heavy selected process. For the most effective gravity separation, particle sizes should be relatively close, with very small or very large particles screened out.
Gravity Separation Technology
In mineral beneficiation industry, the common process of gravity separation method including heavy medium choose, jigging, table separation, chute separation, centrifugal separator, etc. The advantage of gravity separation are low processing cost, can handle a wide range of material particle size (from 0.02mm to Hundreds of mm), less of environmental pollution and so on..
Jigging is the use of vertical alternating currents to make material loose, so as to achieve the process of according to specific gravity stratification and sorting. Jigging machine of the basic components is jig room and built-in screen. After the mixture of water and ore grain enter into the jig chamber of the screen, under the effect of vertical alternating current movement, ore grain become loose and tight, and finally according to their specific gravity difference stratification. Small proportion of product are discharged with the pulp flow from upper; Major products are discharged from lower part. Jigging machine has many types, which are widely used to coal preparation, and a few cases also used in mineral processing. The flow of the pulse waveform is influence jigging process of the important factors. Because the particle size of materials have certain effect to the proportion of stratified, so sometimes it should screen ore into narrow level and then for mineral separation.
Shaking table is composited by bed surface and drive mechanism, it is an important equipment in gravity separation. Drive mechanism make the bed surface along the longitudinal for asymmetric reciprocating motion. Ore grain, on the surface of shaking table, are turn loose, isolation, hierarchy, zoning under the joint action of the mechanical vibration, pulp lateral flow and eddy current between bed. Upper ore grains are of small specific gravity and large size; Lower ore grains are of large gravity and small size. Upper pulp flow rate quickly, the ore grain lateral movement also quickly; The pulp flow velocity is small, the ore grain with the bed surface friction by mechanical handling force is big, longitudinal movement speed, Different particle size and density of ore grain and the bed surface movement track different and separation.
Chute separation is a process method that beneficiate material trough in the flow of water. Under the joint action of gravity, friction, water flowing pressure, shear force and resistance (groove surface article block), ore grain become loose and stratification, then achieve the purpose of gravity separation. According to the processing material of particle size, chute separation is divided into: (1) the coarse grain chute (feed size is usually 2 ~ 3 mm, maximum of 100 mm above), has the stationary type and belt type, used to choose don’t gold dust and sand tin and tungsten, etc.; (2) the ore chute (feed size 2 ~ 0.074 mm). Chute type is more, the commonly used has the following types: belt type chute, fan chute, shaking turn bed, spiral separator and spiral chute
Centrifugal separator is a new type of mineral processing machine, which is used to process mineral by use of different ore grain density difference. It is mainly used for ore dressing of gold, tungsten, lead, tin, fierce, iron, uranium, rare earth element. Centrifugal separator have the advantage of good ore dressing indexes, small energy consumption for recovery fine metal floor size, practical strong, no polluting the environment etc.
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